Fool's mate
The fastest checkmate in chess. Pushing the f- and g-pawns early opens a diagonal straight to the king — learn to punish it, and never to allow it yourself.
How it works (spoiler)
With the f-pawn gone from its square, the diagonal from h5 to e8 runs straight to the king. The queen checks along it, nothing can block, and the king is hemmed in by its own queen, bishop and pawns. In the classic version Black mates with 1.f3 e5 2.g4 Qh4#.